As a core input in green agriculture, the quality of bio-organic fertilizer directly impacts soil improvement and crop growth safety. In the production line, finished product quality is constrained by multiple factors, including raw material characteristics, fermentation process, processing parameters, and quality control system. Precise operation of bio-organic fertilizer equipment is fundamental to ensuring stable parameters at each stage and guaranteeing product compliance and upgrades.
Raw material selection and proportioning are the foundation of quality. High-quality raw materials must meet standards such as organic matter content ≥45% and heavy metal content not exceeding limits. Common materials like livestock and poultry manure, straw, and mushroom residue need pretreatment to remove impurities. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of the raw materials, controlled at 25:1-30:1, is crucial. Too high a ratio prolongs the fermentation cycle, while too low a ratio easily produces ammonia odor and leads to nutrient loss. Simultaneously, the pH value needs to be adjusted to 6.5-7.5; otherwise, it will inhibit the activity of functional microorganisms. Furthermore, the moisture content of the raw materials needs to be stable at 55%-60%. Too high a moisture content easily leads to anaerobic putrefaction, while too low a moisture content affects microbial metabolism.
The fermentation process is the core control point for quality. The activity and purity of the functional microbial strains used for inoculation directly determine the fertilizer's effectiveness; therefore, a complex microbial community with strong temperature resistance and outstanding decomposition capabilities must be selected. During fermentation, the frequency of turning the compost pile (every 2-3 days), ventilation, and temperature control (maintaining 55-65℃ for 5-7 days) are crucial. Excessive temperature will kill beneficial bacteria, while insufficient temperature will prevent complete decomposition, easily leading to seedling burn in the finished product. Maturity testing must be conducted concurrently to ensure the finished product is odorless, tasteless, and loosely granulated, with a germination index ≥80%.
Processing affects product stability. The crusher needs to pulverize particles to a size of 20-40 mesh to ensure uniform nutrient distribution; The amount of binder used during granulation (usually ≤3%) needs precise control; too much will reduce air permeability, while too little will affect particle strength. Drying temperature should be below 80℃ to avoid damaging microbial activity; the finished product moisture content should be ≤30% to prevent secondary fermentation and mold growth. Cooling and sieving processes must remove lumps and impurities, ensuring particle uniformity ≥90%.
A comprehensive quality control system is the ultimate guarantee. A full-chain testing mechanism needs to be established, encompassing raw material inspection, fermentation process monitoring, and finished product sampling, with a focus on monitoring indicators such as organic matter, viable bacteria count, pH value, and heavy metals. Simultaneously, the cleanliness of the production environment and the airtightness of equipment also affect product hygiene and quality, and cross-contamination must be avoided.
In summary, a bio-organic fertilizer production line requires meticulous management throughout the entire process, from raw materials and fermentation to processing and quality control, to consistently produce high-quality products that meet national standards and possess both fertilizer efficacy and safety, providing solid support for the development of green agriculture.
