Bio-organic fertilizer fermentation is the core step in converting organic waste into high-quality fertilizer. This process involves complex reactions such as microbial metabolism and material transformation. Improper operation can easily lead to fermentation failure, insufficient fertilizer efficiency, or even the production of harmful substances. To produce high-quality bio-organic fertilizer, the following key points must be carefully controlled:
Raw material selection and proportioning are fundamental to fermentation. Priority should be given to high-quality organic raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, straw, and mushroom residue, avoiding the mixing of harmful substances such as plastics and heavy metals. The key is to adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N), ideally between 25:1 and 30:1. If the carbon source is insufficient, straw or sawdust can be added; if the nitrogen source is lacking, livestock and poultry manure or urea can be supplemented. Simultaneously, the moisture content of the raw materials needs to be controlled between 55% and 60%. The standard for judgment is that it can be formed into a clump when squeezed in the hand but crumbles easily when dropped. Too high a moisture content promotes anaerobic putrefaction, while too low a moisture content results in insufficient microbial activity.
Controlling fermentation conditions directly determines the quality of fermentation. Temperature is a key indicator, requiring a sustained high temperature of 55℃-65℃ for 5-7 days. This activates beneficial microorganisms and kills harmful substances such as insect eggs and pathogens.Aeration is equally crucial. In large-scale production, oxygen supply can be ensured through bio-organic fertilizer equipment such as compost turners and aeration devices in the bio-organic fertilizer production line, preventing the generation of malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide in an anaerobic environment. In addition, the pH value should be maintained between 6.5 and 8.5. If it is too acidic, wood ash can be added to adjust it; if it is too alkaline, an appropriate amount of humus can be added to neutralize it.
Process management requires continuous dynamic monitoring. In the early stages of fermentation, rapid microbial proliferation can cause the temperature to rise above 50℃. At this point, timely turning with a compost turning machine is necessary to dissipate heat and prevent the beneficial bacteria from being scorched. In the middle stages of fermentation, the pile should be turned every 2-3 days to replenish oxygen and regulate moisture. In the later stages of fermentation, the temperature gradually drops to room temperature, the material turns dark brown, and emits an earthy smell, indicating that fermentation is nearing its end. If off-odors or clumping occur, promptly check the moisture content and ventilation; if necessary, replenish the fermentation agent.
Finish product assessment and subsequent processing are crucial. High-quality fermented products should have loose granules, no off-odors, an organic matter content ≥30%, and a pH value meeting industry standards. After fermentation, allow it to naturally decompose for 7-10 days to reduce salt content and prevent root burn. Store in a dry, well-ventilated place to prevent secondary fermentation or mold growth, ensuring stable fertilizer quality.
Bio-organic fertilizer fermentation is a systematic project requiring "30% raw materials and 70% management." Only by precisely controlling key elements such as proportions, temperature, and ventilation can the efficient conversion of organic waste be achieved, producing high-quality fertilizer with long-lasting effects and environmental friendliness.
