Answer: The quality of bio-organic fertilizer depends fundamentally on the ratio of raw materials used. High-quality materials ensure adequate organic matter content, support microbial survival, and facilitate effective fermentation and decomposition; they are the foundation of standardized bio-organic fertilizer production. Raw materials fall into three main categories: primary organic materials, functional microbial strains, and auxiliary conditioning agents. A scientifically determined ratio is essential for producing high-quality bio-organic fertilizer for agricultural use.
Primary organic materials serve as the core carrier of the fertilizer, supplying organic matter to crops. Livestock and poultry manures are the most commonly used materials; cattle and sheep manures are particularly versatile due to their loose texture and low salt content, whereas chicken manure—rich in nutrients—requires thorough desalination and decomposition before use. Agricultural waste products such as crop stalks, rice husks, peanut shells, spent mushroom substrate, and sugarcane bagasse are also excellent raw materials; their high carbon content helps adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and improves the aeration of the composting pile. Additionally, biogas residue and decomposed garden waste can serve as supplementary primary materials, offering eco-friendly benefits and effective soil improvement.
Functional microbial strains are the key active ingredients that distinguish bio-organic fertilizer from ordinary organic fertilizer. Commonly used strains include *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus licheniformis*, lactic acid bacteria, and *Trichoderma* species; these microorganisms help mobilize soil nutrients, suppress soil-borne diseases, and accelerate the decomposition of materials.
Auxiliary conditioning agents are primarily used to optimize production outcomes. Common additives include humic acid, bentonite, and calcium-magnesium powder. These agents help regulate moisture levels and improve granule formation while supplementing secondary and trace elements, thereby enhancing overall fertilizer quality and ensuring more balanced fertility and greater stability in the finished product.
